Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer starts in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. This cancer can affect women of any age. However, it is most common in women over 30. Cervical cancer develops slowly, so early signs of cervical cancer may be easy to miss. But, regular screening can help find changes before cancer develops. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Often, cervical cancer does not cause symptoms in its early stages. Still, as the disease grows, some signs may appear. Knowing these symptoms can help you seek care early. Common symptoms include:

  • Unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after sex or between periods
  • Watery or bloody vaginal discharge with a strong odor
  • Pain during sex
  • Pelvic pain
  • Sometimes, these symptoms can be caused by other health issues. Even so, it is important to see a doctor if you notice any of them.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    The main cause of cervical cancer is long-lasting infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus that spreads through sexual contact. But, not all HPV infections lead to cancer. Several risk factors can increase your chance of developing cervical cancer:

  • Having many sexual partners
  • Starting sexual activity at a young age
  • Smoking tobacco
  • Weakened immune system (such as from HIV infection)
  • Long-term use of birth control pills
  • Not getting regular Pap tests or HPV tests
  • Although these factors raise risk, anyone with a cervix can develop cervical cancer.

    How Cervical Cancer is Diagnosed

    Doctors use several tests to diagnose cervical cancer. Early detection is key, so regular screening is important. Common tests include:

  • Pap test: This test checks for changes in cervical cells.
  • HPV test: This test looks for the virus that can cause cell changes.
  • Colposcopy: If results are abnormal, doctors use a special tool to look at the cervix more closely.
  • Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken and checked for cancer cells.
  • After diagnosis, doctors may order more tests to see if the cancer has spread.

    Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer

    Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage of the disease and your overall health. There are several cervical cancer treatment options:

  • Surgery: Doctors may remove the cancer or, in some cases, the cervix and uterus.
  • Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Medicines are used to destroy cancer cells throughout the body.
  • Targeted therapy: Some drugs target specific parts of cancer cells.
  • Sometimes, doctors use a mix of these treatments. Early-stage cervical cancer is often easier to treat. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

    There are many ways to lower your risk of cervical cancer. Here are some cervical cancer prevention tips:

  • Get the HPV vaccine as recommended
  • Have regular Pap and HPV tests
  • Practice safe sex by using condoms
  • Limit the number of sexual partners
  • Do not smoke
  • Eat a healthy diet and stay active
  • By following these steps, you can help protect your health. In addition, talk to your doctor about the best prevention plan for you.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you notice any symptoms of cervical cancer, it is important not to delay medical care. At Care Hospital, Health City, doctors stress that even when you feel well, regular screening plays a key role in early detection and saving lives. Timely evaluation helps identify concerns early and improves treatment outcomes.

    For personalised advice and screening guidance related to cervical cancer, consult Care Hospital, Health City today.